A place at the top of the Upcountry meter list may still require a major water-main upgrade before a meter can be activated. Water service can affect what a property may support.
Buyers comparing Kula parcels can review the county's meter and priority-list records to understand each property's water-service status.
The list that stopped taking names in 2013
The Upcountry Priority List was established in 1994 to manage surface water use during Upcountry droughts, and it has tracked every request for a new water meter across Kula, Pukalani, Makawao, Haliimaile and parts of Haiku ever since. What changes the math for buyers today is a decision the county made over a decade ago: since January 1, 2013, the Department of Water Supply has not accepted a single new application for the list. You cannot get in line.
In its October 2025 report, The Maui News reported that roughly 1,424 applicants remained on that list, and the department's own numbers showed why movement had been so slow. DWS Director John Stufflebean told the county in that briefing that Upcountry's peak demand runs about 10.1 million gallons a day against a supply capacity of roughly 9.7 million.
As The Maui News reported, DWS Director John Stufflebean said, "We already are in a situation where there's not enough water to meet the existing demand."
That's not a projection. That's the current state of the system a Kula buyer is stepping into. A lot with an installed meter is standing on solid ground. A lot without one may hold a position in a queue that has accepted no new applications for thirteen years, with no predictable timeline for when that position will advance.
What changed on January 1 of this year
For decades, the county sized water meters using something called the Hunter Curve, a method that counted plumbing fixtures, toilets, showers, sinks, and assigned a demand estimate based on the total. Buyers who wanted to add a bathroom or build an ohana ran the math in fixture units, and a meter maxed out at a certain fixture count regardless of how efficiently the household actually used water.
Maui County Council's Ordinance 5759 retired that system. As of January 1, 2026, the department calculates demand using something called the Equivalent Single Dwelling method, which estimates daily water use based on bedrooms and bathrooms rather than counting individual fixtures. Any water service request filed on or before December 31, 2025 was grandfathered under the old rules. Water service requests filed on or after January 1, 2026 run under the new one.
The practical effect for a Kula buyer is worth sitting with. The county has said the new method may reveal additional available capacity under its 300-gallon-per-ESD standard, since it measures actual use patterns rather than theoretical fixture maximums. That is a meaningful shift for someone eyeing an ohana addition or a second dwelling on an existing meter. It does not, however, create new water. The total supply Upcountry draws from hasn't grown. It has only been recounted.
| Old method (through Dec. 31, 2025) | Current method (Jan. 1, 2026 forward) | |
|---|---|---|
| Basis for sizing | Fixture count (Hunter Curve) | Bedrooms and bathrooms (ESD) |
| Applies to | Water service requests filed on or before Dec. 31, 2025 | Water service requests filed on or after Jan. 1, 2026 |
The relief that's coming, and the timeline attached to it
The county isn't standing still on capacity. As The Maui News reported, Stufflebean's plan, presented at the Hannibal Tavares Community Center in Pukalani, includes new filtration at Upcountry treatment plants meant to raise reliable daily capacity from 9.7 million gallons toward 11.2 million, along with six new wells under study in the Makawao aquifer area at Piiholo, Hokunui, Kealanoa, Kalialinui, Kula Kai and Kula Ridge. Two reservoirs near the Kamole Treatment Plant, sized at 72 million and 68 million gallons, were in the design stage as of late 2025, with the county seeking federal funding to help cover construction costs estimated near $25 million for one alone.
Separately, a 2024 proposal from a Chicago-based firm, Free Market Ventures, would develop up to four wells on a 272-acre Kula parcel, with the county purchasing the output of the first well outright. County leadership framed the deal as a way to finally move people off a list some have waited on for decades, though the proposal drew enough community concern that the council extended its review timeline for further public input.
None of this resolves quickly. Filter upgrades, well permitting, and reservoir construction move in years, not months. A buyer today should treat any of these projects as a reason for cautious optimism about the list eventually moving faster, not as a reason to assume a meter is coming soon.
What this means for the property you're actually looking at
Kula's climate doesn't offer much of a workaround either. The elevation and cooler temperatures that make the area appealing also mean rainfall isn't reliable enough in most of Kula to make catchment a dependable primary water source the way it can be in wetter parts of Haiku or the North Shore. Some Kula owners do run catchment or private wells as supplements, but treating that as a substitute for a county meter, rather than a backup, is where buyers get into trouble.
March's kona storm was a reminder that even properties already on the grid aren't immune to disruption. A mainline break in Upper Kula, from Pilikino Place to Kanaio, knocked out pressure and forced the county to station emergency water tanks, "water buffalos," at the Ching Store, the Kula Community Center, Ulupalakua Ranch Store and Grill, and Harold W. Rice Memorial Park while crews made repairs. The Stage 1 shortage that had been in effect Upcountry was fully lifted the same week, after heavy kona rainfall replenished reservoir levels. The system is capable of both progress and setbacks in the same month, which is exactly the kind of variability a buyer should factor into any long-term plan for the land.
Before you fall for a view or an acreage number, a few questions are worth asking of any Kula listing:
- Does the property have an installed, active county water meter, and what size?
- If not, does it hold a position on the Upcountry Priority List, and can the seller produce documentation of that position by tax map key?
- If a meter exists, how close is it to its fixture or ESD capacity, and what does that mean for adding a bathroom, ohana, or second dwelling?
- Is there an existing catchment or private well, and is it sized for full-time living or only supplemental use?
- Has the seller been contacted by the county about any pending main upgrade costs tied to their position on the list?
These details may affect costs at closing or later, so they are worth reviewing before a purchase.
A short note on what the acreage number actually buys you
Kula land can look identical from the road. Two five-acre parcels a mile apart, same bi-coastal view, same zoning, can carry entirely different practical value depending on which one already has water and which one faces a list that hasn't taken a new name in over a decade. The county's own capacity math means that gap isn't closing on any predictable schedule. It's closing well by well, filter by filter, in a process that has already taken over a decade and is still measured in years, not seasons.
If you're evaluating land or a home in Kula, the water question deserves the same seriousness as the purchase price itself, because in practical terms, it often determines what the purchase price is actually buying. Kela Fernandez works this market directly, with the local relationships to help you verify a property's meter status, priority position, and realistic path to building before you make plans based on assumptions about its water status. Schedule a personal consultation to talk through a specific Kula property before you make an offer on the acreage alone.
This article is general information, not legal, tax or financial advice. Consult a qualified professional about your situation.
